What is the significance of chlorine in water treatment?

Chlorine plays a crucial role in water treatment primarily as a disinfectant. Its significance stems from its ability to effectively kill or inactivate a wide range of harmful microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, that can lead to waterborne diseases. By using chlorine, water treatment facilities can ensure that the water is safe for human consumption and meets public health standards.

Chlorine's disinfectant properties are vital, especially in ensuring that any pathogens present in the water are eliminated before the water is distributed for use. The compound is able to penetrate the cell walls of microorganisms, leading to their destruction. This helps to significantly reduce the risk of illness associated with contaminated water supplies.

In contrast, while the other options suggest various aspects of water treatment, they do not encompass chlorine's primary purpose. Improving taste and odor, adjusting pH levels, or reducing turbidity may be important aspects of water quality, but they do not capture the essential function of chlorine as a powerful disinfectant in the treatment process.