What is the significance of chlorination in surface water treatment?

Chlorination is a critical process in surface water treatment primarily because it serves to disinfect water and eliminate harmful microorganisms. The presence of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa in surface water can pose significant health risks to consumers. By introducing chlorine into the water treatment process, operators can effectively kill these microorganisms, ensuring that the treated water is safe for human consumption.

While other treatments and processes may address factors like particulate matter removal, algae growth control, or taste enhancement, they do not fulfill the essential role of disinfection that chlorination provides. The ability to significantly reduce the risk of waterborne diseases is the hallmark of effective chlorination, making it a cornerstone of surface water treatment protocols.