What are the main components of a surface water treatment plant?

The main components of a surface water treatment plant are crucial for effectively removing contaminants from water before it is distributed for public use. The correct choice highlights the primary processes involved in the treatment of surface water, which includes several key stages:

1. Intake structures: These are designed to draw in raw water from a surface source such as a river, lake, or reservoir. They typically include screens to prevent large debris from entering the treatment process.

2. Coagulation and flocculation units: This is where chemicals (coagulants) are added to the raw water to destabilize particles and encourage them to clump together, forming larger aggregates known as flocs. Flocculation involves gently mixing the water to help these larger clumps of particles to form.

3. Sedimentation tanks: After coagulation and flocculation, the water flows into sedimentation tanks, where gravity causes the flocs to settle to the bottom. This process removes a significant portion of the suspended solids and other contaminants.

4. Filtration units: The water then passes through filtration systems, which further remove any remaining suspended particles and microorganisms. Filters may use various materials, such as sand or activated carbon.

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