What are particulate matter and microorganisms primarily removed during the filtration process?

The correct answer is C, as filtration primarily targets suspended solids. During the filtration process in water treatment, physical barriers such as sand or membranes are utilized to trap particles that are suspended in the water. This includes a range of impurities like sediment, dirt, and organic material, which collectively fall under the category of suspended solids.

These particles not only affect water clarity but can also harbor microorganisms, which are also partially removed through this process. However, the main focus of filtration is to eliminate these larger particulate matters, ensuring that the water is cleaner and more suitable for further treatment or direct use.

In contrast, nutrients, germs, and heavy metals may be present in the water but are typically addressed through different treatment methodologies. Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus require biological treatment processes to convert them into forms that can be removed. Germs or pathogens are often inactivated or removed using disinfection methods, such as chlorination or UV treatment. Heavy metals, while they can be removed to some extent through filtration, typically require specific treatment processes like chemical precipitation or ion exchange for effective removal. Thus, the filtration process is primarily designed to remove suspended solids.