How does high turbidity affect disinfection processes?

High turbidity can significantly impact disinfection processes, primarily because it can shield pathogens from the action of disinfectants. When water is turbid, it contains a higher concentration of suspended particles such as silt, clay, organic matter, and microorganisms. These particles can create a physical barrier that protects pathogenic microorganisms from exposure to disinfectants, such as chlorine or ozone. As a result, pathogens may survive in higher numbers due to their shielded position within the suspended matter, which can lead to insufficient disinfection and an increased risk of waterborne diseases.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the relationship between turbidity and disinfection. High turbidity does not increase disinfectant efficiency; in fact, it can hinder it. It also does not eliminate the need for disinfection, as water treatment processes must still ensure that water is safe to consume despite turbidity levels. Lastly, turbidity itself does not enhance the taste and odor of water—rather, it can contribute to unpleasant tastes and odors due to the presence of organic matter and other particulates. Thus, understanding the effects of turbidity on disinfection is critical for maintaining water quality and safety.